Malabsorption
This term refers to a chronic pathological condition in which the uptake of previously split nutrients through the intestinal wall into the lymph and blood circulation is hindered / reduced. Causes may include:
Connatal diseases
Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (eg ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease)
Hypersensitivity diseases (eg celiac desease)
Infections (eg Whipple’s disease)
State after an operation (eg short bowel syndrome)
Diseases coupled with malabsorption are referred to as malabsorption syndromes. Main symptoms are:
Massive stools (> 300 g stool weight)
Foul-smelling fatty stools (steatorrhea), flatulence
Weight loss
Undersupply of vitamins E, D, K, A, B12, folic acid, calcium, iron, protein and trace elements
Muscle weakness
Skin and mucosal changes
Anemia
Steatorrhea
A pathological increase in the fat content in stools is referrred to as steatorrhea. It is a symptom of the malabsorption syndrome.
Common associated symptoms are flatulence, abdominal fullness, diarrhea tendency, abdominal pain. With steatorrhea, fats are insufficiently absorbed by the lipases in the small intestine.
One talks of steatorrhea, if there is a fecal fat loss in adults of 10 g / day.
Steatorrhea may occur in case of celiac disease, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (if over 90% of pancreas is non-functional), pancreatitis, pancreas carcinoma, the blockage of the bile duct by a gallstone (choledocholithiasis), cholangitis or the short bowel syndrome.